PDV Holding, Inc., a United States subsidiary of the Venezuelan National oil and gas company, Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. (“PDVSA”), is a non-operating stock holding company incorporated in Delaware and headquartered in Texas. PDVH is the indirect sole stockholder of CITGO Petroleum Corporation, through ownership of 100% of the shares of its direct subsidiary CITGO Holding, Inc. (CITGO Holding, Inc. is the sole stockholder of CITGO Petroleum Corp.)